Microfluidics is the science of manipulating and controlling fluids, usually in the range of microliters (10-6) to picoliters (10-12), in networks of channels with dimensions from tens to hundreds of micrometers. It is viewed as an essential tool for life science research.

Microfluidic tools can be envisioned as miniaturized laboratories. They contain channels with dimensions ranging from tens to hundreds of microns that facilitate the handling of small volumes of fluids, such as blood. The gains from such downscaling are huge and include that the time for reactions is shortened, higher overall sensitivity, and a lower cost.

A Fresnel lens is an optical component used as an alternative to a conventional lens bye to it being thinner, lighter and more cost-effective.

A Fresnel lens is made of several concentric grooves embossed into a substrate, such as a polymer. Due to their characteristics, this type of lens can focus the light, similar to a conventional lens while being physically narrow in profile.

In virtual reality (VR) technology, they are used in head-mounted displays (HMDs), mainly those in the high-end of the spectrum, where weight, thickness, and cost are essential parameters to take into account.

Mini LED diffusers are a couple of thin sheets of thermal polymer (usually PMMA or PC) that diffuses the light from many LEDs in a mobile phone, laptop or Ipad.

A diffuser can be designed for collimation, distribution and recycling of light, that brings benefits as thinner modules, reduced film quantity, less power consumption and less LEDs.

A light guide film (LGF) is a thin sheet of thermal polymer (usually PMMA or PC) that scatters the light from a LED source in a mobile phone, laptop or Ipad.

To scatter the light a pattern is created in the film via a stamper, usually made of steel or nickel. The pattern can be rather simple like a laser dot that just scatters the light, or more advanced like the shape of a mini-lens that have the potential of reflecting 100% of the light in a desired direction. Such shapes, in combination with perfectly aligned lenticular shapes on the other side of the film can for example enable a lowering of the power needed by the LED source usually around 20% while retaining full luminance, or facilitate features such as “Privacy view” in the screen.